Conditional sentence is a sentence which presupposes a desire, hopes, plans, and that can not be realized. There are three types of conditionals, is conditional future, present conditional and past conditional. Conditional sentence consists of two parts of a sentence, the main clause and sub-clause.
Future conditional
Used to express a wish, hope or plan that might happen (possible).
1. Main clause : simple future tense (S+will+Verb-1+O or S + will + be + complement)
2. Sub clause / If clause : simple present tense ( If + S + Verb 1 + O )
If + SUBJECT + Verb 1, SUBJECT + Will + Verb 1
Example :
1. If you get the best in your class, we will give you a gift
Fact : There is possibility you get the best in your class so that we give
you a gift.
2. If she invite me, I will come to her party
Fact : There is possibility she invites me, so that I come to her party
3. If she is a bride, I will be a groom
Fact : There is possibility she is a bride so that I am a groom
4. If we are tired, we will be sleepy
Fact : There is possibility we are tired so that we are sleepy
5. If I pass the final, I will continue to the university of gunadarma
Fact : It is possible that I pass the final so I continue to the university of gunadarma
Present conditional
Used to express a wish, hope or plan that is not met.
Sub clause / if clause → Simple past tense :
S + verb 2 + O or if + S + were + complement
Main clause → Simple past future tense : S + would verb 1 + O
If + S + Verb 2, SUBJECT + WOULD +VERB 1
Exampel :
1. If I pass the final examination, I would continue to the university of gunadarma.
Fact : I don’t pass the examination, so I don’t continue to the university of
gunadarma
2. If I were a millionaire, I would travel around the world
3. If my father knew how to drive, he would buy a car
Fact : My father doesn’t know to drive,so he doesn’t buy a car
4. If I had a car, I would take a trip to bali
Fact : I don’t have car, so I don’t take a trip to bali
5. If he had much money, he would buy a new house
Fact : He doesn’t have much money, so he doesn’t buy a new house
6. If they studied, they would pass the exam
Fact : They don’t study so they do pass the exam
7. If Rina were still alive, she would be seventeen
Fact : Rina doesn’t still alive so she doesn’t be seventeen
8. If we were tired, we would be sleepy
Fact : We aren’t sleepy because we arnt tired
9. If she invited me, I would come to her party
Fact : She doesn’t invite me so I don’t come to her party
10. If she were a bride, I would be a groom
Fact : She isn’t a bride so I am not a groom
Note : For the present conditional, WERE is used for all subjects
Used to express a wish, hope or plan that does not happen (impossible).
Sub clause / if clause :
Past perfect tense (S + had +verb 3 + O or S + had+ been + complement)
Main clause :
Past future perfect tense (S+would+have+verb-3+O or S+would+have +been+complement)
If + S + Had + Verb 3, Subject + would + have + Verb 3
Example :
1. If I had passed the final examination, I would have continue to the university of gunadarma
Fact : I didn’t pass the examination, so I didn’t continue to the university of
gunadarma
2. If I had been a millionaire, I would have travelled around the world
Fact : I wasn’t a millionaire, so I didn’t travel around the world
3. If I had known his number, I would have called him
Fact : I didn’t know his telephone number, I didn’t call him
4. If had gone to concert last night, he would have seen Mary
Fact : He didn’t go to the concert last night, so he doesn’t see Mary
5. If she had been a bride, I would have a groom
Fact : She wasn’t a bride so I wasn’t a groom
6. If she had invite me, I would have come to her party
Fact : She didn’t invite me so I didn’t come to her party
REFERENCE
M .J.Lado, Pratical Complete English Grammar.
Puji purnama, Complete and comprehensive English Grammar.
Ayu rini, Everyday English Grammar, Penerbit papas sinar sinanti
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